Life (cf. biota Biota is the total collection of organisms of a geographic region or a time period, from local geographic scales and instantaneous temporal scales all the way up to whole-planet and whole-timescale spatiotemporal scales. The biota of the Earth lives in the biosphere) is a characteristic that distinguishes objects In philosophy, an object is a thing, an entity, or a being. This may be taken in several senses. In its weakest sense, the word "object" is the most all-purpose of nouns, and can replace a noun in any sentence at all. Thus objects are things as diverse as the pyramids, Alpha Centauri, the number seven, my disbelief in predestination, and that have self-sustaining biological processes A biological process is a process of a living organism. Biological processes are made up of any number of chemical reactions or other events that results in a transformation ("alive," "living"), from those which do not[1][2] —either because such functions have ceased (death Death is the irreversible termination of the biological functions that define a living organism. It refers to both a particular event and to the condition that results thereby. The true nature of the latter has for millennia been a central concern of the world's religious traditions and of philosophical enquiry. Many religions maintain a belief in), or else because they lack such functions and are classified as "inanimate."
In biology Biology is the science of studying living organisms. Prior to the nineteenth century, biology came under the general study of all natural objects called natural history, the science that studies living organisms, "life" is the condition which distinguishes active organisms In biology, an organism is any living system . In at least some form, all organisms are capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis as a stable whole. An organism may either be unicellular (single-celled) or be composed of, as in humans, many billions of cells grouped into specialized from inorganic matter Traditionally, inorganic compounds are considered to be of a mineral, not biological, origin. Complementarily, most organic compounds are traditionally viewed as being of biological origin. Over the past century, the precise classification of inorganic vs organic compounds has become less important to scientists, primarily because the majority of, including the capacity for growth, functional activity Physiology is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. Physiology has traditionally been divided between plant physiology and animal and all living things physiology but the principles of physiology are universal, no matter what particular organism is being studied. For example, what is learned about and the continual change preceding death.[3][4] A diverse array of living organisms (life forms) can be found in the biosphere The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems. It can also be called the zone of life on Earth. From the broadest biophysiological point of view, the biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere on Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the fifth largest of the eight planets in the solar system, and the largest of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System in terms of diameter, mass and density. It is also referred to as the World, the Blue Planet,[note 3] and Terra.[note 4], and properties common to these organisms—plants Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The scientific study of plants, known as botany, has identified about 350,000 extant species of plants, defined as seed plants, bryophytes, ferns and fern allies. As of 2004,, animals Animals are a major group of mostly multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently. Most animals are also, fungi A fungus is any member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. The Fungi (pronounced /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/ or /ˈfʌŋɡaɪ/) are classified as a kingdom that is separate from plants and animals. One major difference is that fungal cells have cell walls that, protists Protists , are a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms. Historically, protists were treated as the kingdom Protista but this group is no longer recognized in modern taxonomy. Instead, it is "better regarded as a loose grouping of 30 or 40 disparate phyla with diverse combinations of trophic modes, mechanisms of motility, cell coverings, archaea The Archaea [ɑrˈkiə] are a group of single-celled microorganisms. A single individual or species from this domain is called an archaeon (sometimes spelled "archeon"). They have no cell nucleus or any other organelles within their cells. In the past they were viewed as an unusual group of bacteria and named archaebacteria but since the, and bacteria The bacteria ( [bækˈtɪərɪə] ; singular: bacterium)[α] are a large group of unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria are ubiquitous in every habitat on Earth, growing in soil, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, water, and — are a carbon Carbon forms the backbone of biology for all life on Earth.[citation needed] Complex molecules are made up of carbon bonded with other elements, especially oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, and carbon is able to bond with all of these because of its four valence electrons. It is often assumed in astrobiology that if life exists somewhere else in in- and water Water is the ubiquitous chemical substance, composed of hydrogen and oxygen, that is essential for the survival of many known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or state, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam. Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. On Earth, it-based cellular The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building block of life. Some organisms, such as most bacteria, are unicellular . Other organisms, such as humans, are multicellular. (Humans have an estimated 100 trillion or 1014 form with complex organization An organization is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controls its own performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its environment. The word itself is derived from the Greek word ὄργανον (organon [itself derived from the better-known word ἔργον ergon - work; deed - > ergonomics, etc]) meaning and heritable genetic A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain their cells and pass genetic traits to offspring. A modern working definition of a gene is "a locatable region of genomic sequence, corresponding to a unit of inheritance, which is associated with information. Living organisms undergo metabolism Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories. Catabolism breaks down organic matter, for example to harvest energy in cellular, maintain homeostasis Homeostasis is the property of a system, either open or closed, that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, constant condition. Typically used to refer to a living organism, the concept came from that of milieu interieur that was created by Claude Bernard and published in 1865. Multiple dynamic equilibria adjustment and, possess a capacity to grow The term cell growth is used in the contexts of cell development and cell division . When used in the context of cell division, it refers to growth of cell populations, where one cell (the "mother cell") grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells", respond to stimuli In physiology, a stimulus is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. A stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic, reproduce Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types: sexual and asexual and, through natural selection Natural selection is the process by which heritable traits that make it more likely for an organism to survive and successfully reproduce become more common in a population over successive generations. It is a key mechanism of evolution, adapt to their environment in successive generations. More complex living organisms can communicate through various means.[1][5]
In philosophy Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, truth, beauty, law, justice, validity, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing these questions by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on reasoned argument. Philosophy comes from and religion A religion is an organized approach to human spirituality which usually encompasses a set of narratives, symbols, beliefs and practices, often with a supernatural or transcendent quality, that give meaning to the practitioner's experiences of life through reference to a higher power, God or gods, or ultimate truth. It may be expressed through, the conception There are two prevailing theories in contemporary philosophy which attempt to explain the nature of concepts . The representational theory of mind proposes that concepts are mental representations, while the semantic theory of concepts (originating with Frege's distinction between concept and object) holds that they are abstract objects. Ideas are and nature of life varies, and offer interpretations in the frameworks of existence In common usage, existence is the world of which we are aware through our senses, but in philosophy the word has a more specialized meaning, and is often contrasted with essence. Philosophers investigate questions such as "What exists?" "How do we know?" "To what extent are the senses a reliable guide to existence?" & and consciousness Consciousness is subjective experience or awareness or wakefulness or the executive control system of the mind . It is an umbrella term that may refer to a variety of mental phenomena . Although humans realize what everyday experiences are, consciousness refuses to be defined, philosophers note, and touch on many other related issues, such as, ontology Ontology (from the Greek ὄν, genitive ὄντος: of being and -λογία, -logia: science, study, theory) is the philosophical study of the nature of being, existence or reality in general, as well as of the basic categories of being and their relations. Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics,, value, life stance A person's life stance or lifestance is their relation with what they accept as of ultimate importance, the presuppositions and theory of this, and the commitments and practice of working it out in living, purpose Purpose is the cognitive awareness in cause and effect linking for achieving a goal in a given system, whether human or machine. Its most general sense is the anticipated result which guides decision making in choosing appropriate actions within a range of strategies in the process based on varying degrees of ambiguity about the knowledge that, conceptions of God The God of monotheism, pantheism or panentheism, or the supreme deity of henotheistic religions, may be conceived of in various degrees of abstraction:, the soul The soul, in many religions, spiritual traditions, and philosophies, is the spiritual and eternal part of a living being, commonly held to be separable in existence from the body; as distinct from the physical part. It is typically thought to consist of one's consciousness and personality, and can be synonymous with the spirit, mind or self. Major and the afterlife The afterlife is the idea that the consciousness or mind of a being endures forever after biological death occurs. Major views on the afterlife derive from religion, esotericism and metaphysics. In many popular views, this continued existence often takes place in a spiritual or immaterial realm. Deceased persons are usually believed to go to a.
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China Life Insurance Co., the largest life insurer, added 1.7 percent to 27.96 yuan. The limit on individual quotas will rise from $800 million to $1 ...
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Megan
Mon, 20 Jul 2009 22:45:04 GM
Scientists have long speculated that Mars might have played host to microbial . life. in an earlier era. Now that it's certain water exists on the Red Planet, they're trying to grow some microbes that could live there.
Q. What is the life expectancy for a person with advanced cirrhosis of the liver? A family member is currently in hospital with jaundice and a swollen stomach, and I don't think the prognosis looks good. What is the usual life expectancy?
Asked by Stacey - Thu Jul 16 11:30:06 2009 - - 4 Answers - 0 Comments
A. My first symptom of cirrhosis for me was a swollen stomach. I had no other symptoms. It turned out my liver was functioning at only 10%. I had no jaundice. The doctors gave me an estimate of 5 years before total failure would occur and told me I would need a transplant in order to stay alive. Three years later I had my transplant done. The transplant surgeon told me after viewing my actual liver that I would have only lived another year or a little longer at best with my cirrhotic liver, so the estimate was pretty accurate. He also said that the time I would have left would not be very good, that I would be very sick. My cirrhosis was caused by an autoimmune disease. If your family member has had a biopsy, that should tell them… [cont.]
Answered by Baa Baa - Fri Jul 17 00:39:54 2009
